Severe aortic stenosis is a condition where the main heart valve narrows and restricts blood flow. The aortic valve controls blood leaving the heart to the rest of the body. When it thickens, the heart works much harder to pump blood. Patients often experience shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. A doctor evaluates this valve condition using echocardiography, which is an ultrasound scan of the heart.

During TAVR, a doctor inserts a new artificial heart valve using a thin flexible tube called a catheter. The catheter travels through a blood vessel, usually in the groin, to reach the heart. The physician places the new valve inside the damaged aortic valve and expands it. This restores proper blood flow without opening the chest. Patients remain under sedation or general anaesthesia throughout the process.

TAVR replaces a heart valve through blood vessels rather than opening the chest bone. Traditional surgical valve replacement requires a large incision and a heart-lung bypass machine. In contrast, TAVR uses a catheter guided by imaging technology to deploy the new valve. This minimally invasive method usually results in less pain and a shorter hospital stay. Recovery is typically faster compared to open surgery.

Candidates for TAVR typically have severe aortic stenosis and symptoms like shortness of breath. A multidisciplinary heart team evaluates each patient to determine if this procedure is suitable. Doctors often recommend TAVR for individuals who face higher risks from traditional open-heart surgery. Age, overall health, and blood vessel structure influence the decision. Pre-procedure imaging helps confirm whether the leg artery can accommodate the catheter.

Most tissue valves used in TAVR function effectively for ten to fifteen years. Clinical outcomes depend on individual patient factors, age, and overall cardiovascular health. Doctors schedule regular echocardiogram appointments to monitor valve performance over time. If a valve narrows or leaks years later, specialists can evaluate further non-surgical options. Proper blood pressure management helps maintain long-term heart function.

Many patients spend two to four days in the hospital following a TAVR procedure. Initial monitoring occurs in an intensive care unit to check heart rhythm and access site healing. Most individuals resume light daily activities within one to two weeks after returning home. Full recovery times vary based on age, mobility, and pre-existing medical conditions. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes assist patients in regaining strength safely.

TAVR treatment costs vary based on the specific replacement valve selected and hospital stays. Valve types include balloon-expandable and self-expanding models from different manufacturers. Additional cost components include pre-procedure cardiac imaging, specialist fees, and intensive care monitoring. Hospital room category and post-procedure medications also affect overall expenses. Medical coordinators provide detailed estimate letters before patients travel for treatment.

Patients undergo a computed tomography scan, known as a CT scan, to evaluate blood vessels. An echocardiogram measures heart chamber size and assesses how severely the aortic valve has narrowed. Blood tests, chest X-rays, and an electrocardiogram check general organ function and heart rhythm. Coronary angiography examines blood flow in the heart arteries. These diagnostic results help the heart team plan the procedure safely.

International patients can request a remote video consultation by submitting recent medical records online. Essential documents include recent echocardiogram reports, CT scans, and cardiac history summaries. A cardiologist reviews these files before discussing treatment options during a scheduled video call. The doctor explains procedural feasibility, answers family questions, and outlines initial travel timelines. Coordination teams assist with scheduling calls across different time zones.

Most patients can fly home two to three weeks after a successful TAVR procedure. Treating cardiologists perform follow-up evaluations and ultrasound scans to confirm valve stability before approving air travel. Patients receive guidance on movement during flights, hydration, and medication schedules. Carrying a medical device identification card for the new heart valve is recommended during airport security checks. Local physicians coordinate post-travel care.