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OVERVIEW

Angiography is a core diagnostic procedure in cardiology and interventional radiology. Its main goal is to provide high-resolution, real-time visualization of arterial and venous systems throughout the human body.

By introducing a specialized contrast agent into the blood vessels via a catheter, clinicians can observe dynamic blood flow, calculate pressure gradients, and pinpoint structural vessel abnormalities under fluoroscopic X-ray guidance.

PROCEDURE

1. Access Site Preparation: Cleaning and draping the wrist (radial) or groin (femoral) area under sterile conditions.
2. Local Anesthesia: Injecting local anesthetic near the access artery to numb the skin and underlying tissue.
3. Arterial Access: Inserting a needle into the artery using the Seldinger technique, followed by a flexible introducer sheath over a guidewire.
4. Catheter Advancement: Navigating a shaped diagnostic catheter through the vascular system to the target vessel under continuous fluoroscopy.
5. Selective Engagement and Dye Injection: Positioning the catheter tip into the vessel opening and injecting iodinated contrast dye.
6. Dynamic Image Acquisition: Taking high-speed X-ray image series to evaluate blood flow and structural integrity.
7. Catheter Removal and Hemostasis: Withdrawing the equipment and applying manual pressure, a radial compression band, or a femoral closure device to stop bleeding.

BENEFITS

  • Delivers high-resolution anatomical details of lumen structure and vascular flow.
  • Allows diagnostic imaging and potential therapeutic intervention in a single session.
  • Provides real-time pressure measurements inside heart chambers and blood vessels.
  • Guides precise surgical or endovascular treatment planning.
  • Maintains a low complication rate when performed using modern radial access techniques.

RECOVERY

Immediate recovery involves two to six hours of supervised bed rest depending on whether radial or femoral vascular access was used. Minor local bruising and tenderness near the access point are normal and resolve within one to two weeks. Most patients resume normal daily routines within 48 hours, while strenuous physical activity, heavy lifting, and immersion bathing are restricted for five to seven days.

WHAT WE TREAT

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndromes
  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and lower limb ischemia
  • Cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and ischemic stroke
  • Renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension
  • Aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection
  • Pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension
  • Visceral arterial ischemia and internal gastrointestinal bleeding

PREPARATION

1. Blood Tests: Checking serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), complete blood count, and coagulation times (PT/INR).
2. Fasting: Refraining from solid foods for 4 to 6 hours before the test; clear fluids are usually allowed up to 2 hours prior.
3. Medication Review: Adjusting antiplatelet drugs, blood thinners, or diabetes medications (such as metformin) under clinical direction.
4. Kidney Protection Hydration: Receiving intravenous saline fluids if pre-existing kidney dysfunction is noted.
5. Allergy Management: Administering premedication (corticosteroids and antihistamines) if a history of mild iodine allergy exists.

RISKS

1. Common and Minor: Access site bruising (3-5%), local soreness, temporary warm flushing during contrast injection.
2. Uncommon: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (1-2% in unselected patients), access site pseudoaneurysm (0.5-1%), allergic skin reactions like hives.
3. Rare and Serious: Retroperitoneal bleeding (<0.5%), major access site hematoma requiring transfusion (<0.5%), ischemic stroke (<0.2%), arterial vessel tear or dissection (<0.1%), severe anaphylaxis (<0.05%), death (<0.1%).

JOURNEY

The patient journey begins with a clinical evaluation and blood tests to verify kidney function and blood clotting status. On the day of the procedure, local anesthesia and mild sedation are administered. A catheter is guided through an artery in the wrist or groin to the area of concern. Contrast dye is injected while X-ray images are captured. After catheter removal, hemostasis is achieved using compression or a vascular closure device. Patients are monitored in recovery for two to six hours before going home with activity guidelines and scheduled follow-up care.

Hospitals Offering this treatment

India offers premium medical procedures at affordable prices. Discover our most popular treatments, delivered by the country's finest doctors.

Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Saray Mah. Siteyolu Cad. No:7, Umraniye, 34768, Istanbul, Turkey

Medical Park Group, Istanbul

Medical Park Group, Istanbul

Fahrettin Kerim Gokay Cad. Tıbbiye Cd., Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey

Emsey Hospital, Pendik, Istanbul

Emsey Hospital, Pendik, Istanbul

Çamlık, Selçuklu Cd. No:22, 34912 Pendik/İstanbul, Türkiye

LIV Hospital, Istanbul

LIV Hospital, Istanbul

American Hospital, Istanbul

American Hospital, Istanbul

Guzelbahce Sk. No:20, 34365, Nisantasi, Istanbul, Turkey

Memorial Hospitals Group

Memorial Hospitals Group

Burhaniye, Nagehan Sokağı No:4/A D:1, 34676 Üsküdar/İstanbul, Türkiye

Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul

Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul

Abide-i Hürriyet Cd No:166, 34381 Sisli, Istanbul

Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul

Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul

Halit Ziya Turkkani Mah. Medikal Park Cd. No:1, Beylikdüzü, İstanbul

Okan University Hospital Istanbul

Okan University Hospital Istanbul

Icmeler Mah. Aydınlıyolu Cd. No:2, 34947 Icmeler-Tuzla, Istanbul

Kolan International Hospital, Istanbul

Kolan International Hospital, Istanbul

Kaptanpasa Mah. Okmeydan Kavsagi, Darulaceze Cd. No:14, 34384 Sisli, Istanbul

Al Zahra Hospital, Dubai

Al Zahra Hospital, Dubai

Sheikh Zayed Road, Al Barsha 1, Dubai, UAE

Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi

Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi

28th Street, Mohammed Bin Zayed City, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Burjeel Hospital, Dubai

Burjeel Hospital, Dubai

Dubai, UAE (part of Burjeel Holdings network)

King's College Hospital, Dubai

King's College Hospital, Dubai

Dubai Hills, Mohammed Bin Rashid City, Dubai, UAE

Neuro Spinal Hospital (NSH), Dubai

Neuro Spinal Hospital (NSH), Dubai

Dubai Science Park, Umm Suqeim St, Al Barsha South, Dubai, UAE

HMS Al Garhoud Hospital, Dubai

HMS Al Garhoud Hospital, Dubai

Al Garhoud Street, Al Garhoud, Dubai, UAE

Canadian Specialist Hospital, Dubai

Canadian Specialist Hospital, Dubai

Abu Hail Street 269/1, Canadian Specialist Hospital Building, Hor Al Anz East, Deira, Dubai, UAE

NMC Royal Women's Hospital, Abu Dhabi

NMC Royal Women's Hospital, Abu Dhabi

Tower B, Mohammed bin Zayed Stadium, Al Jazira Club, Opposite Dusit Thani, Muroor Road, Abu Dhabi, UAE

NMC Specialty Hospital, Al Nahda, Dubai

NMC Specialty Hospital, Al Nahda, Dubai

7A St, Al Qusais, Al Nahda 2, next to Bait Al Khair Building, Dubai

Bangkok Hospital, Thailand

Bangkok Hospital, Thailand

2 Soi Soonvijai 7, New Petchburi Road, Huay Khwang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand

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