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OVERVIEW

The aortic valve controls blood flow from the heart's primary pumping chamber (the left ventricle) into the main artery of the body (the aorta). When severe valve dysfunction occurs—such as aortic stenosis (narrowing) or aortic regurgitation (leakage)—the heart must work significantly harder to pump blood. The clinical objective of aortic valve repair or replacement is to alleviate strain on the myocardium, relieve symptoms of heart failure, and prevent irreversible cardiac remodeling or premature mortality.

PROCEDURE

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. For traditional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), a median sternotomy is performed, and cardiopulmonary bypass (heart-lung machine) is established. The aorta is cross-clamped, and cold cardioplegia solution is delivered to stop the heart safely. The aorta is incised above the valve level to expose the diseased leaflets. In valve repair, the surgeon resuspends, reshapes, or patches the native leaflets. In valve replacement, the calcified native leaflets are excised, the aortic annulus is debrided, and a biological or mechanical prosthetic valve is sutured into place. The aorta is closed, air is evacuated from the cardiac chambers, the aortic cross-clamp is removed, and the heart is restarted. Once off cardiopulmonary bypass, chest drains and temporary pacing wires are placed, and the surgical incision is closed in layers.

BENEFITS

Surgical intervention offers substantial clinical benefits, including restoration of normal intra-cardiac hemodynamics, regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, marked reduction in exertional dyspnea and angina, improved functional capacity, and increased long-term survival rates comparable to age-matched controls (ACC/AHA 2020 Guidelines).

RECOVERY

Immediate recovery involves 24 to 48 hours of critical care monitoring for hemodynamic stability and cardiac rhythm disturbances. Post-ICU care focuses on mobilization, pulmonary hygiene, and pain control. Full bone healing of the sternum requires 8 to 12 weeks. Long-term recovery includes lifelong cardiology follow-up, periodic echocardiography, and, for patients with mechanical prostheses, continuous oral anticoagulation monitoring.

WHAT WE TREAT

Aortic valve repair and replacement treat primary cardiac conditions affecting the aortic outflow tract. Key indications include severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, severe aortic regurgitation, congenital valvular anomalies such as bicuspid aortic valve disease, and valvular destruction secondary to infective endocarditis or aortic root aneurysms.

PREPARATION

Pre-procedural preparation requires a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, including transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, coronary angiography, computed tomography (CT) of the chest and aorta, carotid artery ultrasound, routine laboratory investigations, and dental clearance to eliminate sources of occult infection. Patients must stop specific antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications prior to surgery as directed by the surgical team. Chlorhexidine skin washes are performed the night before and the morning of surgery to minimize surgical site infection risk.

RISKS

Potential severe complications include perioperative mortality (1–3% in low-risk elective cases), stroke (1–2%), major bleeding requiring reoperation, postoperative acute kidney injury, surgical site infection, and complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation (2–5%). Long-term risks associated with prostheses include structural valve degeneration (biological valves) or thromboembolism and bleeding complications related to lifelong anticoagulation (mechanical valves).

JOURNEY

The patient journey begins with a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation, including echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Once surgery is planned, pre-operative optimization occurs over several weeks. On the day of the procedure, general anesthesia is administered, and the operation is performed via open sternotomy or minimally invasive access. Following surgery, patients spend 1 to 2 days in an intensive care unit before transitioning to a surgical step-down unit. Hospital discharge typically occurs between days 5 and 7, followed by a 6-to-12-week structured cardiac rehabilitation program.

Hospitals Offering this treatment

India offers premium medical procedures at affordable prices. Discover our most popular treatments, delivered by the country's finest doctors.

Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Saray Mah. Siteyolu Cad. No:7, Umraniye, 34768, Istanbul, Turkey

Medical Park Group, Istanbul

Medical Park Group, Istanbul

Fahrettin Kerim Gokay Cad. Tıbbiye Cd., Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkey

Emsey Hospital, Pendik, Istanbul

Emsey Hospital, Pendik, Istanbul

Çamlık, Selçuklu Cd. No:22, 34912 Pendik/İstanbul, Türkiye

LIV Hospital, Istanbul

LIV Hospital, Istanbul

American Hospital, Istanbul

American Hospital, Istanbul

Guzelbahce Sk. No:20, 34365, Nisantasi, Istanbul, Turkey

Memorial Hospitals Group

Memorial Hospitals Group

Burhaniye, Nagehan Sokağı No:4/A D:1, 34676 Üsküdar/İstanbul, Türkiye

Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul

Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul

Abide-i Hürriyet Cd No:166, 34381 Sisli, Istanbul

Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul

Medicana International Hospital, Istanbul

Halit Ziya Turkkani Mah. Medikal Park Cd. No:1, Beylikdüzü, İstanbul

Okan University Hospital Istanbul

Okan University Hospital Istanbul

Icmeler Mah. Aydınlıyolu Cd. No:2, 34947 Icmeler-Tuzla, Istanbul

Kolan International Hospital, Istanbul

Kolan International Hospital, Istanbul

Kaptanpasa Mah. Okmeydan Kavsagi, Darulaceze Cd. No:14, 34384 Sisli, Istanbul

Al Zahra Hospital, Dubai

Al Zahra Hospital, Dubai

Sheikh Zayed Road, Al Barsha 1, Dubai, UAE

Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi

Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi

28th Street, Mohammed Bin Zayed City, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Burjeel Hospital, Dubai

Burjeel Hospital, Dubai

Dubai, UAE (part of Burjeel Holdings network)

King's College Hospital, Dubai

King's College Hospital, Dubai

Dubai Hills, Mohammed Bin Rashid City, Dubai, UAE

Neuro Spinal Hospital (NSH), Dubai

Neuro Spinal Hospital (NSH), Dubai

Dubai Science Park, Umm Suqeim St, Al Barsha South, Dubai, UAE

HMS Al Garhoud Hospital, Dubai

HMS Al Garhoud Hospital, Dubai

Al Garhoud Street, Al Garhoud, Dubai, UAE

Canadian Specialist Hospital, Dubai

Canadian Specialist Hospital, Dubai

Abu Hail Street 269/1, Canadian Specialist Hospital Building, Hor Al Anz East, Deira, Dubai, UAE

NMC Royal Women's Hospital, Abu Dhabi

NMC Royal Women's Hospital, Abu Dhabi

Tower B, Mohammed bin Zayed Stadium, Al Jazira Club, Opposite Dusit Thani, Muroor Road, Abu Dhabi, UAE

NMC Specialty Hospital, Al Nahda, Dubai

NMC Specialty Hospital, Al Nahda, Dubai

7A St, Al Qusais, Al Nahda 2, next to Bait Al Khair Building, Dubai

Bangkok Hospital, Thailand

Bangkok Hospital, Thailand

2 Soi Soonvijai 7, New Petchburi Road, Huay Khwang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand

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